Review Article | Vol. 5, Issue 3 | Journal of Neuro and Oncology Research | Open Access |
Virginia Lee1*
1PsyD Candidate at Walden University, Independent Licensed Clinical Social Worker, USA
*Correspondence author: Virginia Lee, PsyD Candidate at Walden University, Independent Licensed Clinical Social Worker, USA; Email: [email protected]
Citation: Lee V. Review of Integrative Oncology Trends and Barriers. J Neuro Onco Res. 2025;5(3):1-3.
Copyright© 2025 by Lee V. All rights reserved. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
| Received 16 November, 2025 | Accepted 05 December, 2025 | Published 11 December, 2025 |
Abstract
Integrative Oncology (IO) is a patient-centered, evidence-based approach that combines conventional cancer treatments with complementary therapies, including mindfulness meditation, acupuncture, yoga, nutrition and exercise. These interventions are not intended to replace standard modalities like chemotherapy or radiation, but to support holistic well-being, physically, emotionally and spiritually across the cancer continuum. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has emerged as an effective adjunct for mitigating psychological distress and enhancing quality of life. Increasing evidence demonstrates that emotional support improves adherence, immune function and overall patient engagement. Organizations such as the Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) have issued guidelines endorsing these therapies for symptoms including pain, anxiety and fatigue.
Keywords: Integrative Oncology (IO); Society for Integrative Oncology (SIO); American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
Introduction
Over the past two decades, integrative oncology has gained significant traction, driven by rising patient interest and a growing body of empirical support. National bodies, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and the Society of Integrative Oncology (SIO), have incorporated Integrative Oncology (IO) into clinical guidelines, reflecting mainstream validation [1]. Cancer remains a global burden, with over 19 million diagnoses and 10 million deaths in 2020 alone, a number projected to increase dramatically by 2040 [1]. With annual global cancer care costs exceeding $1.2 trillion, IO offers a humane and potentially cost-effective supplement to traditional care pathways [1]. Pain, anxiety and depression are persistent and debilitating symptoms in oncology. IO strategies, particularly those addressing the mind-body connection, are increasingly recognized for their role in alleviating this multifaceted suffering [1].
Methodology
This review synthesizes findings from peer-reviewed articles and guideline documents on mindfulness-based interventions and integrative oncology. Key sources include:
Evidence-Based Integrative Approaches to Symptom Management
Pain Management
Carlson, et al., have outlined specific integrative therapies aligned with the type and source of cancer-related pain:
Psychosocial Distress
Anxiety and depression affect nearly 25% of adults with cancer [2]. These emotional burdens can compromise treatment outcomes, making psychosocial care essential. MBSR and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) are now recommended by SIO and ASCO as standard supportive therapies.
The Role of Mindfulness in Oncology
Mechanisms and Benefits
MBSR uses techniques such as body scans, mindful movement and focused breathing to foster present-moment awareness. This facilitates emotional regulation, reduces rumination and builds resilience [3]. Physiologically, mindfulness practices may also improve sleep quality, reduce inflammation and bolster immune function [4].
Delivery Considerations
Implementing MBSR requires addressing cultural relevance, accessibility and staff training. While generally safe, these interventions may not suit patients with severe psychiatric disorders. Thus, proper screening and delivery by trained personnel are essential.
Psychological Interventions Beyond MBSR
According to Anghel, et al., various psychotherapies offer meaningful emotional and existential support [5]:
Clinical Guidelines and Implementation Barriers
ASCO-SIO Guidelines
ASCO and SIO have co-developed integrative therapy guidelines for symptom management. These recommendations are backed by robust evidence, particularly for acupuncture, hypnosis and massage therapy [6].
Implementation Challenges
Discussion
IO reflects a paradigm shift from disease-focused care to whole-person care. It addresses the unmet emotional, spiritual and psychosocial needs that conventional oncology often overlooks. Importantly, evidence-based integrative therapies enhance, not replace, standard treatments. MBSR and other psychotherapeutic interventions hold promises for improving mental health outcomes, reducing symptom burden and enhancing quality of life. However, scalable and culturally adaptable models are needed to ensure equitable access [7].
Conclusion
Integrative oncology represents a comprehensive framework for cancer care, one that values the interconnectedness of mind, body and spirit. Through the strategic application of MBSR, acupuncture, psychotherapy and other evidence-supported modalities, care teams can help patients live better throughout and beyond cancer treatment. Recognizing emotional well-being as integral to healing fosters dignity, empowerment and resilience.
Recommendations for Future Practice and Research
The framework of IO positions the patient as an active participant, both before, during and after treatment. It encourages an expanded view of cancer care, not only treating the disease but also supporting health, resilience, quality of life and long-term well. being. By making non-pharmacological, evidence-based supportive options available, IO seeks to fill gaps that are not always addressed by conventional care alone. Psychotherapy provides tools to alleviate suffering, foster meaning and enhance both mental and physical well-being. Future research should focus on cost-effective, scalable and culturally appropriate models; digital health solutions, such as teletherapy and mindfulness apps; larger, methodologically rigorous trials targeting advanced and terminal-stage populations; and Gender- and age-specific interventions tailored to unique psychosocial needs. By integrating psychotherapeutic care into the cancer journey, we can offer patients not just longer lives, but lives lived with greater dignity, connection and emotional strength.
Conflict of Interest
Author declares no conflict of interest related to this paper.
References
Virginia Lee1*
1PsyD Candidate at Walden University, Independent Licensed Clinical Social Worker, USA
*Correspondence author: Virginia Lee, PsyD Candidate at Walden University, Independent Licensed Clinical Social Worker, USA; Email: [email protected]
Virginia Lee1*
1PsyD Candidate at Walden University, Independent Licensed Clinical Social Worker, USA
*Correspondence author: Virginia Lee, PsyD Candidate at Walden University, Independent Licensed Clinical Social Worker, USA; Email: [email protected]
Copyright© 2025 by Lee V. All rights reserved. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Lee V. Review of Integrative Oncology Trends and Barriers. J Neuro Onco Res. 2025;5(3):1-3.
